Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors offer a unique platform for diverse biotechnological processes. Their efficient design allows for {highthroughput and optimal operating conditions. The characteristics of the hollow fibers facilitates mass transfer between the working chamber and the exterior solution, enabling robust fermentation. Some common

This study investigates the effectiveness of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) membranes within a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system. The goal was to evaluate the long-term durability and output of PVDF membranes under varying operational conditions. A series of tests were conducted to investigate the impact of parameters such as transmembrane pressure,